فصلنامه نوید نو
پیاپی 78 (تابستان 1400)

Qualified sleep is one of the factors affecting the increase of quality of life, and nurses are at high risk of developing sleep disorders due to their specific occupational conditions, which has a negative impact on the quality of life and patient care. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of sleep health education on the quality of life of nurses working in teaching hospitals in Mashhad, Iran.

A quasi-experimental two-group study was performed on 60 nurses working in two teaching hospitals in Mashhad. The participants were randomly divided into intervention and control groups and completed a demographic form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Short-Form World Health Organization Quality Of Life. Subsequently, the intervention group participated in four 60-minute training sessions in groups of 7 and 8 people. At the end of the intervention and 1 month later, all participants completed the tools again. The collected data were compared between the two groups using SPSS software (version 25).

Before the intervention, the mean score of qualified sleep of nurses in the two groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, immediately and 1 month after the training, the mean score of qualified sleep was statistically significant in both groups (P<0.05).

Based on the results, sleep health education was an effective method to reduce sleep disorders in the night and shift nurses; therefore, it is recommended to consider it as a way to reduce insomnia problems among nurses.

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease that occurs mainly in schools and can be reduced with training and self-care. This study was designed to determine the effect of training based on self-efficacy theory in self-care for influenza among primary school students in Mashhad, Iran.

This before-after clinical trial was conducted on 64 sixth-grade female students in 2018. The samples were selected by multi-stage sampling method from primary schools in Mashhad and divided into two groups of experimental and control. The necessary data were collected using questionnaires, including a demographic form, the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, and a researcher-made influenza self-care questionnaire. The educational intervention was designed based on the self-efficacy theory and was performed in four 45-minute training sessions. The questionnaires were completed immediately after the educational intervention and 3 months later. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) using t-test and Chi-square tests.

The mean scores of self-efficacy and influenza self-care were significantly improved after the intervention (1.6±4.4 vs 3.4±7.2 and 11.9±5.5 vs 12.6±5.6, respectively; P=0.01).

According to the results, designing and implementing self-efficacy-based training interventions could lead to increased influenza self-care among students.

Nuclear-radioactive disasters pose major challenges to the health systems; therefore, pre-hospital triage training is of special importance. In this regard, it seems that simulation maneuvers training may be more effective than the workshops training method since it stimulates more feedbacks. However, no study has confirmed this up to date. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effect of radiation triage training through simulation maneuvers and workshop training methods on the rate of radiation triage error in military rescuers.

This quasi-experimental study with the pretest-posttest design was conducted on 30 rescuers in Mashhad military barracks, Mashhad, Iran, in July 2020. The Sampling was performed randomly from two centers and the study participants were divided into two groups of intervention (simulation maneuvers) and control (workshop training). The main tools in this study included a researcher-made questionnaire and the OSCE checklist that its validity and reliability were confirmed. The pre-test was performed first and the post-test was conducted using OSCE after two weeks. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software (version 20).

The mean age of the participants was 22 years and 46% had a diploma. The groups were homogenous at the pre-test of radiation triage skill. The difference between the correct triage scores of intervention and control groups was significant at post-test. The triage error in the intervention and control groups were estimated at 10.7±3.36 and 38.7±5.64 at post-test. Moreover, the difference between over-triage and under-triage scores in the intervention and control groups was significant at the post-test.

Under-triage error in the workshop training method is significantly higher compared to that in the simulation maneuvers training method. Therefore, the workshop training method is not recommended for radiological triage training programs.

The satisfaction of healthcare workers plays an important role in maintaining and promoting patients' health. Moreover, this group of employees is exposed to various forms of violence due to their job nature. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of occupational violence and its role in healthcare workers' satisfaction.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 employees of the Allameh Bohlol Gonabadi Hospital, Gonabdi, Iran, in 2020. The required data were collected using questionnaires, namely a demographic form, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Data analysis was performed using appropriate statistical tests and linear regression analysis test. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant.

In this study, the mean age of the subjects was obtained at 31.8±7.1 years, and demographic variables showed no significant relationship with job satisfaction and violence (P<0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between job satisfaction and job violence (P<0.001). The highest and lowest satisfaction were related to physical conditions and payment system, respectively. Overall, job satisfaction was revealed to be at the average level with a score of 54. The occupational violence score was estimated at 28, and the highest report of violence was related to the statement "Your work is over-monitored and -reviewed". It was also found that in terms of job satisfaction, payment system, development opportunity, and leadership style were effective factors in the occurrence of violence.

The results confirmed the existence of violence in the workplace; therefore, it seems useful to adopt a preventive approach and train the public to reduce the imposed threats by violence in the hospital environment and ensure staff satisfaction. It is also recommended to hold regular meetings with related educational goals.

Cancer and multiple sclerosis (MS), along with their adverse consequences, may be associated with the experience of post-traumatic growth. Therefore, it is essential to determine the antecedents of this growth. The present study aimed to determine the roles of emotional expression and emotion regulation in the prediction of post-traumatic growth in patients with cancer and MS. This applied research was conducted based on a correlation design in 2020. The study population included patients with MS and cancer in Asia Hospital in Tehran, out of whom 124 cases were selected via  convenience sampling in two group of cancer and MS (n=62 in each group). The data was collected using post-traumatic growth (Tedeschi et al), cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski et al), and King & Emmons questionnaires. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) using the Pearson correlation test, standard regression test, and Fisher Z test. Based on the results, positive expression and positive emotion regulation in both groups (P <0.01), as well as intimacy in the cancer group (P <0.01), had a significant positive correlation with post-traumatic growth. The cancer (R=0.58) and MS (R=0.48) (P=0.447) groups did not significantly differ in multivariate correlation. Furthermore, in both groups, positive expression and positive emotion regulation were the significant predictors of post-traumatic growth. As evidenced by the obtained results, in both groups of cancer and MS, the promotion of positive emotional expression and regulation of positive emotion can enhance post-traumatic growth.

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease that can be prevented and cured. One of the most important and effective non-pharmacological interventions is performing proper physical activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 6-week performance of selected Pilates exercises for 6 weeks on some of the indicators associated with osteoporosis among postmenopausal women. This quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design was conducted on 22 inactive postmenopausal women who participated voluntarily in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups of control and selected Pilates exercises (n=11 each). Bone alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus were measured 24 h before and after the intervention. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for outgroup comparison. The mean scores of age and body mass index of subjects were obtained at 52.87±4.58 years and 29.72 ±3.68, respectively. The results of this study showed that after 6 weeks of exercising, there was a significant difference between the two groups of Pilates and control in the bone alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorus indices of postmenopausal women (P≤0.05). Accordingly, all three indices increased significantly. Based on the results, 6 weeks of Pilates exercises improved some of the skeletal structural features of postmenopausal women. Therefore, it can be stated that if physical exercises are performed regularly and for a long time, they can be preventive factors of bone-related diseases in postmenopausal women.

Health-promoting behaviors in female adolescents improve their well-being and quality of life. Family is an influenced factor in the formation and reinforcement of these behaviors. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the influence of health-enhancing behavior intervention on female adolescents based on the family empowerment model.

This semi-experimental study was conducted on 68 females with high school education in Shandiz, a small town neighboring Mashhad city of Iran, in 1399. The health-enhancing behavior was educated to the experiment group in six sessions, each lasting about 60 minutes within a month. The study data were collected using demographic and HPLPII questionnaires before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention and analyzed experimentally afterward.

In the pre-intervention stage, there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental (134.3±14.0) and control (136.5±11.6) groups in terms of the mean total score of health-promoting behaviors (P=0.219). However, the mean total score of health-promoting behavior was significantly different in the experiment (157.1±13.4) and control groups (138.5±9.1) immediately after intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, one month after the intervention, a significant difference was observed between the experiment (161.7± 10.0) and control (138.9±7.8) groups in terms of the mean total score of health-promoting behaviors (P<0.001)

Based on the obtained results, education based on the family empowerment model improved health-promoting behaviors in female adolescents. Therefore, it is recommended that these behaviors should be thought in schools.

A new coronavirus called acute respiratory syndrome was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, leading to changes in people's lifestyles after a while due to the pandemic caused by this virus. This study aimed to determine the level of anxiety about coronavirus disease 2019 among the population of Mazandaran Province, Iran, and its effects on lifestyle in the winter of 2021.

The statistical population of this descriptive cross-sectional study was selected using a random sampling method. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect the data that included demographic information and specific questions of the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale. The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 17) using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.

Among 384 (61.9%) women and 236 (38.1%) men responding to the questionnaire, the mean anxiety was significantly higher in women than in men. Out of the total answers, 423 (68.2%) respondents had moderate anxiety in terms of psychological symptoms, of which 40 (6.5%) cases had severe anxiety. Therefore, in the questionnaire, a significant increase was observed in the use of vitamins and antibiotics.

With the outbreak of coronavirus, the level of anxiety caused by changes in people's lifestyles increased and involved a wide range of mental health dimensions. Consequently, it is necessary to think of appropriate measures to improve individuals' psychological conditions and quality of life.

The quality of work life means the employee's mental perception and satisfaction of the physical and psychological desirability of his work environment and the extent to which his needs are met through resources, activities, and results obtained from involvement and participation in the workplace. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the quality of work life and demographic variables of nurses working in teaching hospitals in Mashhad, Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed in teaching hospitals in Mashhad (i.e., Imam Reza and Ghaem), 2014. The samples were selected using the purposive sampling method and the instruments used to collect the required data included a demographic information questionnaire and a quality of work life questionnaire based on the Walton model. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 16). The p-values ​​less than 0.05 were considered significant.

In this study, 76% and 24%of the subjects were female and male, respectively. The mean age of the subjects was obtained at 35.2±5.4. The results showed that most nurses expressed their quality of work life as moderate (50.5±2.2). Moreover, the quality of work life had no significant relationship with gender (P>0.05); however, it showed a significant inverse relationship with age and work experience (r =-0.11 and r=-0.08; P<0.05).

According to the results of the present study, the nurses' quality of work life was related to age and work experience variables. On the other hand, considering since human resources are the most important elements of any organization, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of work life of employees to be able to determine the relevant factors and improve them, which will lead to the use of the potential capabilities of employees to provide better services to patients and community.

Trauma is one of the causes of death and disability, of which traffic accidents are the most common causes resulting in death. Injuries due to traffic accidents are among the most forgotten major problems in public health. This study aimed to investigate the pattern of abdominal injuries in accidents resulting in the death of motorcyclists sent to Kahrizak Autopsy HallIranian Legal Medicine,Organization,Tehran,Iranwithin 2017-2019. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the records of motorcyclists, who passed away after an accident and their bodies were transferred to Kahrizak Autopsy Hall Iranian Legal Medicine Organization,Tehran,Iran, were examined between 2017 and 2019. The necessary data were collected by a questionnaire and the gathered data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22). Out of 199 cases, the minimum and maximum ages were 6 and 75 years, and the mean age was obtained at 30.76±12.76 years. Regarding the relationship between superficial body injuries (abdomen, flank, and waist) and intra-abdominal injuries, including the association of abrasions, scratches, and ruptures without penetrating the abdomen with intra-abdominal injuries in the liver, spleen, intestine, kidney, stomach, pancreas, aorta, inferior vena cava, and retro-peritoneum, was significant (P=0.02). Although no clinical findings may be observed in the patient's physical examination, highly important evidence and findings can be obtained in the autopsy. Therefore, based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the absence of physical findings in the abdomen of corpses not be considered a reason for a forensic pathologist to refuse an abdominal autopsy.

Although numerous organizations believe that physician's involvement in quality and safety is important, they have not properly determined how they should be defined, measured, and improved. Since it is essential to improve the quality of healthcare services and increase physician involvement, this study was conducted to evaluate the validity and reliability of a questionnaire on the barriers to physicians' intervention in healthcare quality improvement programs in hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

The instrument of the study was a researcher-made questionnaire to examine the barriers to physicians' involvement in healthcare quality improvement programs. To determine the face validity of the questionnaire, it was distributed among five specialists in health management and economics and eight medical and nursing students and their opinions were applied. The questionnaire was handed out among 14 physicians with a two-week interval and the content validity ratio index and content validity index were also calculated. To determine the reliability, the interclass correlation coefficient method for quantitative variables and the kappa agreement coefficient method for nominal questions were used. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS 21 software.

The initial item pool consisted of 61 items, which was reduced to 38 items following face and content validity measurement. The questionnaire was composed of 12 sub-scales. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaire and the interclass correlation coefficient in two measurements with a two-week interval were obtained at 0.86 and 0.94, respectively.

The designed questionnaire was the first and only valid and reliable specific tool in the field of barriers to physicians' involvement in healthcare quality improvement programs in Iran. This instrument has been used to measure and prioritize the barriers in healthcare centers and improve the quality of health services provided by physicians.

Venipuncture is one of the most common and anxious experiences in children related to hospitalization and disease. The facilitation of venipuncture saves time and costs, reduces the risk of infection, and maintains patient safety. This study aimed to compare the effect of two methods of using a venipuncture device and the common method of venipuncture on anxiety and physiological indicators of children.

This clinical trial study was conducted on 62 eligible children aged 3-6 years. The venous access was performed by a vein finder and the conventional method in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Anxiety responses, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation in both groups were measured 5 min before and after venipuncture. The Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale was used to this end. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) using independent t-test, paired t-test, and analysis of covariance.

Physiological indices of heart rate (P<0.001) and respiratory rate (P=0.002) showed a significant difference after the intervention (P<0.001). However, the blood oxygen saturation (P=0.13), systolic blood pressure (P=0.31), and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.76) were not significant. The mean anxiety scores were reported as 13.77±1.94 and 18±2.44 in the intervention control groups, respectively, after the intervention (P=0.001). Based on the findings, the anxiety score showed a significant decrease in the intervention group after the venipuncture, compared to the control group (P<0.001).

Since the vein finder device had positive effects in reducing anxiety and maintaining physiologic indices balance in 3-6-year-old children, it can be applied as a proper method for intravenous catheterization in pediatric medical wards.